Security Advice for Industrial Control Systems

Last week, the German BSI (Bundesamt für Sicherheit in der Informationstechnik, the Federal Office for IT Security), published a document named “ICS-Security-Kompendium”. ICS stands for “Industrial Control Systems”. This is the first comprehensive advisory document published by the German BSI on this topic so far. The BSI puts specific emphasis on two facts:

ICS are widely used in critical infrastructures, e.g. utilities, transport, traffic control, etc.
ICS are increasingly connected – there is no “air gap” anymore for many of these systems

It is definitely worth having a look at the document, because it provides an in-depth analysis of security risks, best practices for securing such infrastructures, and a methodology for ICS audits. Furthermore it has a chapter on upcoming trends such as the impact of the IoT (Internet of Things) and the so-called “Industry 4.0” and of Cloud architectures in industrial environments. Industry 4.0 stands for the 4^th industrial revolution, where factories are organizing themselves – the factory of the future.

As much as I appreciate such publication, it lacks – from my perspective – an additional view of two major areas that are tightly connected to ICS security:

Aside from the ICS systems, there is a lot more of IT in manufacturing environments that frequently is not in scope with the corporate IT Security and Information Security departments. Aside from attacks to such systems, for instance in the area of PLM/PDM (Product Lifecycle/Data Management), there are standard PCs that might serve as entry point for attacks.
This directly leads to the second aspect: It is not only about technical security, but about re-thinking the organizational approach to Information Security in all areas within an organization, i.e. a holistic view on all IT and information. Separating ICS and manufacturing IT from the “business IT” does not make sense.

The latter becomes clear when looking at new business cases such as the connected vehicle, smart metering, or simply remote control of HVAC (heating, ventilation, and air conditioning) and other systems in households (or industry). In all these scenarios, there are new business cases that lead to connecting both sides of IT.

Also have a look at our KuppingerCole research on these issues, such as the KuppingerCole report on critical infrastructures in finance industry (not about iCS) and the KuppingerCole report on managing risks to critical infrastructure.