Crypto-agility has become an urgent enterprise requirement as post-quantum cryptography, expanding machine identity ecosystems, and growing regulatory expectations expose the risks of treating cryptographic infrastructure as static. This Leadership Brief examines why organizations struggle to identify, govern, and replace cryptographic dependencies across complex digital environments, and explains how algorithm deprecation, implementation vulnerabilities, “Harvest Now, Decrypt Later” attacks, and post-quantum migration pressures create a broader operational challenge. It sets out practical steps for building sustainable crypto-agility.